What is the function of a suction line accumulator in an HVAC system?

The suction line accumulator plays a crucial role in protecting the compressor from liquid refrigerant. In a heat pump or air conditioning system, the compressor is designed to compress vapor rather than liquid. If liquid refrigerant enters the compressor, it can lead to a phenomenon known as liquid slugging, which can cause significant damage to the compressor components.

The suction line accumulator is strategically placed in the suction line to collect any excess liquid refrigerant that may not have vaporized before reaching the compressor. It allows the refrigerant to sit temporarily, enabling it to vaporize completely before it is drawn into the compressor. This ensures that the compressor operates safely and efficiently, handling only vapor and preventing potential damage that could result from liquid refrigerant.

In addition to this primary function, the accumulator can help maintain a consistent flow of refrigerant to the compressor during varying operating conditions, further enhancing the reliability and longevity of the HVAC system.